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In mathematics, the Fibonacci sequence is a sequence in which each element is the sum of the two elements that precede it. Numbers that are part of the Fibonacci sequence are known as Fibonacci numbers , commonly denoted F n .
The term Fibonacci sequence is also applied more generally to any function from the integers to a field for which (+) = + (+).These functions are precisely those of the form () = () + (), so the Fibonacci sequences form a vector space with the functions () and () as a basis.
The sequence of functions f n is called a Picard sequence, [8] [9] named after Charles Émile Picard. For a given x in X, the sequence of values f n (x) is called the orbit of x. If f n (x) = f n+m (x) for some integer m > 0, the orbit is called a periodic orbit. The smallest such value of m for a given x is called the period of the orbit.
In number theory, the nth Pisano period, written as π (n), is the period with which the sequence of Fibonacci numbers taken modulo n repeats. Pisano periods are named after Leonardo Pisano, better known as Fibonacci. The existence of periodic functions in Fibonacci numbers was noted by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1774. [1] [2]
To encode an integer N: . Find the largest Fibonacci number equal to or less than N; subtract this number from N, keeping track of the remainder.; If the number subtracted was the i th Fibonacci number F(i), put a 1 in place i − 2 in the code word (counting the left most digit as place 0).
A Fibonacci spiral starts with a rectangle partitioned into 2 squares. In each step, a square the length of the rectangle's longest side is added to the rectangle. Since the ratio between consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaches the golden ratio as the Fibonacci numbers approach infinity, so too does this spiral get more similar to the previous ...
The Lucas sequence has the same recursive relationship as the Fibonacci sequence, where each term is the sum of the two previous terms, but with different starting values. [1] This produces a sequence where the ratios of successive terms approach the golden ratio , and in fact the terms themselves are roundings of integer powers of the golden ...
In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.