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Ortho effect is an organic chemistry phenomenon where the presence of a chemical group at the at ortho position or the 1 and 2 position of a phenyl ring, relative to the carboxylic compound changes the chemical properties of the compound.
p-Anisic acid, also known as 4-methoxybenzoic acid or draconic acid, is one of the isomers of anisic acid. The term "anisic acid" often refers to this form specifically. [ 1 ] It is a white crystalline solid which is insoluble in water, highly soluble in alcohols, and soluble in ether and ethyl acetate .
These values, combined in the Hammett equation with K 0 and remembering that ρ = 1, give the para substituent constants compiled in table 1 for amine, methoxy, ethoxy, dimethylamino, methyl, fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, nitro and cyano substituents. Repeating the process with meta-substituents afford the meta substituent constants.
This can also explain why phosphorus in phosphanes can't donate electron density to carbon through induction (i.e. +I effect) although it is less electronegative than carbon (2.19 vs 2.55, see electronegativity list) and why hydroiodic acid (pKa = -10) being much more acidic than hydrofluoric acid (pKa = 3).
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH 3 . On a benzene ring , the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group , but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position.
Anisic acid or methoxybenzoic acid is an organic compound which is a carboxylic acid. It exists in three forms, depending on arene substitution patterns: p-Anisic acid (4-methoxybenzoic acid) m-Anisic acid (3-methoxybenzoic acid) o-Anisic acid (2-methoxybenzoic acid)
Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water.
Alkoxy groups Aryloxy groups. In chemistry, the alkoxy group is an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen; thus R−O.Denoted usually with apostrophe('). The range of alkoxy groups is vast, the simplest being methoxy (CH 3 O−). [1]