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Sulfadiazine is available in multiple generic tablets of 500 mg. For urinary tract infections, the usual dose is 4 to 6 grams daily in 3 to 6 divided doses. [4] Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, and pancreatitis. [1]
The result was a sulfa craze. [11] For several years in the late 1930s, hundreds of manufacturers produced myriad forms of sulfa. This and the lack of testing requirements led to the elixir sulfanilamide disaster in the fall of 1937, during which at least 100 people were poisoned with diethylene glycol.
Use of sulfasalazine is contraindicated in people with sulfa allergies and in those with urinary tract obstructions, intestinal obstructions, and severe liver or kidney problems. [4] Sulfasalazine metabolizes to sulfapyridine. Serum levels should be monitored every three months, and more frequently at the outset.
Sulfapyridine is no longer prescribed for treatment of infections in humans. However, it may be used to treat linear IgA disease and has use in veterinary medicine. [1] It is a good antibacterial drug, but its water solubility is very pH dependent.
Sulfanilamide is a yellowish-white or white crystal or fine powder. It has a density of 1.08 g/cm 3 and a melting point of 164.5-166.5 °C. The pH of a 0.5% aqueous solution of Sulfanilamide is 5.8 to 6.1. It has a λ max of 255 and 312 nm. [5] Solubility: One gram of sulphanilamide dissolves in approximately 37 ml alcohol or in 5 ml acetone.
The RCT used a 3g per day dose and included only 20 women. Results showed significant improvements in the number and severity of facial wrinkles, firmness, tone and texture. [ 28 ] Another study evaluated doses of 1g and 3g and showed improvements in wrinkles, firmness, and hydration at both dose levels in 20 persons. [ 29 ]
Bactrim, Bactrimel (manufactured by Roche and distributed in Europe) Bactrom (Venezuela) Bibactin (manufactured by PPM and distributed in Cambodia and some African countries) Biseptol; Sumetrolim; Co-trimoxazole (used as generic UK name) Cotrim; Deprim (AFT Pharmaceuticals) Diseptyl (Israel)
The most common side effects are irritation, stinging or burning of the skin. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tiredness and headache. [2] There are however also severe side effects including severe allergic reactions, like (nettle) rash, itch, tightness in chest, difficult breathing and swelling in either the face, mouth, lips or tongue.