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The Swiss used a version of Enigma called Model K or Swiss K for military and diplomatic use, which was very similar to commercial Enigma D. The machine's code was cracked by Poland, France, the United Kingdom and the United States; the latter code-named it INDIGO. An Enigma T model, code-named Tirpitz, was used by Japan.
The increased success of wolfpack attacks following the strengthening of the encryption might have given the Germans a clue that the previous Enigma codes had been broken. However, that recognition did not happen because other things changed at the same time: the United States had entered the war, and Dönitz had sent U-boats to raid the US ...
Although published before the structure and role of DNA was understood, Turing's work on morphogenesis remains relevant today and is considered a seminal piece of work in mathematical biology. [148] One of the early applications of Turing's paper was the work by James Murray explaining spots and stripes on the fur of cats, large and small.
A Colossus computer was thus not a fully Turing complete machine. However, University of San Francisco professor Benjamin Wells has shown that if all ten Colossus machines made were rearranged in a specific cluster, then the entire set of computers could have simulated a universal Turing machine, and thus be Turing complete. [70]
Codebreaker or Code breaker may also refer to: The Codebreakers, a 1967 book on history of cryptography by David Kahn; Code:Breaker, a 2008 manga by Akimine Kamijyo; Code Breakers, a 2005 American TV film about West Point; The Code-Breakers, a 2006 British documentary film about software; Codebreaker, a 2011 British film about Alan Turing
Turing, a key figure at second world war code breaking facility Bletchley Park, picked from an illustrious list of nominees including Paul Dirac, Ada Lovelace, Stephen Hawking, and Ernest Rutherford.
A 2012 London Science Museum exhibit, "Code Breaker: Alan Turing's Life and Legacy", [102] marking the centenary of his birth, includes a short film of statements by half a dozen participants and historians of the World War II Bletchley Park Ultra operations. John Agar, a historian of science and technology, states that by war's end 8,995 ...
A similar break into the most secure Japanese diplomatic cipher, designated Purple by the US Army Signals Intelligence Service, started before the US entered the war. Product from this source was called Magic. On the other side, German code breaking in World War II achieved some notable successes cracking British naval and other ciphers.