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Dental cysts are usually caused due to root infection involving tooth decay. Untreated dental caries then allow bacteria to reach the level of the pulp, causing infection. The bacteria gains access to the periapical region of the tooth through deeper infection of the pulp, traveling through the roots.
Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament , cementum , disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
If apex of tooth is displaced towards the palate and making contact with the tooth germ then tooth is extracted Intrusive Luxation: Displacement of tooth into the alveolar bone (pushed into the socket) causing fracture of the alveolar bone. It is the most damaging injury to the tooth and supporting tissues as ankylosis and pulp necrosis can occur.
Periapical granuloma, [1] also sometimes referred to as a radicular granuloma or apical granuloma, is an inflammation at the tip of a dead (nonvital) tooth. It is a lesion or mass that typically starts out as an epithelial lined cyst, and undergoes an inward curvature that results in inflammation of granulation tissue at the root tips of a dead tooth.
The onset of lateral periodontal cyst are insidious and subtle, with a yearly growth rate of 0.7 mm. [4] Adjacent teeth vitality is of great importance when contemplating a pre-surgical working diagnosis of lateral periodontal cyst as missing adjacent teeth or past endodontic treatment would affect and confuse the differential diagnosis.
Cysts that arise from tissue(s) that would normally develop into teeth are referred to as odontogenic cysts. Other cysts of the jaws are termed non-odontogenic cysts. [2] Non-odontogenic cysts form from tissues other than those involved in tooth development, and consequently may contain structures such as epithelium from the nose.
Odontogenic cysts are a group of jaw cysts that are formed from tissues involved in odontogenesis (tooth development). Odontogenic cysts are closed sacs, and have a distinct membrane derived from the rest of odontogenic epithelium .
The cyst surrounds the crown and extends for some distance along the root surface so that a significant portion of the root appears to lie within the cyst, as if the tooth was erupting through the centre of the cyst. The radiographic distinction between an enlarged dental follicle and a small dentigerous cyst can be difficult and fairly arbitrary.