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Industrial biological catalysis through enzymes has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to their ability to operate at mild conditions, and exceptional chiral and positional specificity, things that traditional chemical processes lack. [1] Isolated enzymes are typically used in hydrolytic and isomerization reactions.
Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by an "enzyme", a biological molecule. Most enzymes are proteins, and most such processes are chemical reactions. Within the enzyme, generally catalysis occurs at a localized site, called the active site.
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen (N 2) is converted into ammonia (NH 3). [1] It occurs both biologically and abiologically in chemical industries. Biological nitrogen fixation or diazotrophy is catalyzed by enzymes called nitrogenases. [2]
A regulatory enzyme is an enzyme in a biochemical pathway which, through its responses to the presence of certain other biomolecules, regulates the pathway activity.This is usually done for pathways whose products may be needed in different amounts at different times, such as hormone production.
Different chemical reactions are used during chemical synthesis in order to obtain the desired product. In biochemistry, a consecutive series of chemical reactions (where the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next reaction) form metabolic pathways. These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes.
Enzymatic polymerization is a potential area in polymer research, providing a sustainable and adaptable alternative to conventional polymerization processes. Its capacity to manufacture polymers with exact structures in mild circumstances opens up new possibilities for material design and application, helping to progress both research and industry.
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( February 2019 ) Enzymes are listed here by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system :