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[a] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as Wang 王, meaning king. [4]
The Xia dynasty (/ ʃ i ɑː /; Chinese: 夏朝, romanized: Xià cháo) is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography. According to tradition, it was established by the legendary figure Yu the Great , after Shun , the last of the Five Emperors , gave the throne to him. [ 1 ]
The rulers of Xia came from the Tiefu tribe, who descended from the Southern Xiongnu leader, Qubei.Qubei was a member of the ruling-Luandi clan as the brother of the chanyu, Qiangqu, although a later and more dubious account alleged that he was the descendant of a Han dynasty prince-turned-Xiongnu noble, Liu Jinbo (劉進伯) instead.
The Xia dynasty held suzerainty over a number of kingdoms, one of which was the Kingdom of Shang. During Jie's reign, Shang grew in power, initially at the expense of Xia's other vassals. A person by the name of Zi Lü (履子) was able to win many supporters from as many as 40 smaller kingdoms. [20]
As the founder of China's first orthodox dynasty, the Xia dynasty, Yu the Great is conventionally regarded as the inaugurator of dynastic rule in China. [ 23 ] [ a ] In the Chinese dynastic system, sovereign rulers theoretically possessed absolute power and private ownership of the realm, even though in practice their actual power was dependent ...
Pages in category "Kings of the Xia dynasty" The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. *
This is a list of the Chinese era names used by the various dynasties and regimes in the history of China, sorted by monarch. The English renditions of the era names in this list are based on the Hanyu Pinyin system. However, some academic works utilize the Wade–Giles romanization.
This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.