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Several machine collets (top and centre) and a dismantled pin chuck (below). Generally, a collet chuck, [3] considered as a unit, consists of a tapered receiving sleeve (sometimes integral with the machine spindle), the collet proper (usually made of spring steel) which is inserted into the receiving sleeve, and (often) a cap that screws over the collet, clamping it via another taper.
Spindle nose on a lathe headstock. The small female taper is a Morse taper to take a lathe center or a tool such as a twist drill. The large male taper takes a lathe chuck, which is retained by the large nut. A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool.
A machine with an R8 collet system (usually a manual Bridgeport style vertical mill, aiui) normally has a set of collets of varying sizes. To use a 1/2" shank end mill, you install the 1/2" collet, insert the end mill in the collet, and tighten the draw bar to retain the end mill. To use a different size tool, you use a different size collet.
An exception is the ER collet which typically has a working range of 1 mm (about 0.04 in). Collets usually are made to hold cylindrical work, but are available to hold square, hexagonal or octagonal workpieces. While most collets are hardened, "emergency" collets are available that can be machined to special sizes or shapes by the user.
The Morse taper allows the bit to be mounted directly into the spindle of a drill, lathe tailstock, or (with the use of adapters) into the spindle of milling machines. It is a self-locking (or self holding ) taper of approximately 5/8" per foot [ 3 ] that allows the torque to be transferred to the drill bit by the friction between the taper ...
The workpiece is held in the indexing head in the same manner as a metalworking lathe. This is most commonly a chuck but can include a collet fitted directly into the spindle on the indexing head, faceplate, or between centers. If the part is long then it may be supported with the help of an accompanying tailstock.