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Several machine collets (top and centre) and a dismantled pin chuck (below). Generally, a collet chuck, [3] considered as a unit, consists of a tapered receiving sleeve (sometimes integral with the machine spindle), the collet proper (usually made of spring steel) which is inserted into the receiving sleeve, and (often) a cap that screws over the collet, clamping it via another taper.
Can be held in a drill chuck made for cylindrical shanks; Can be held in a hex screwdriver bit chuck; High torque transmission, limited only by strength; No need to tighten, shape does not allow slipping; Moderately accurate centering; Cannot be held in a regular round collet; A special 3c or 5c HEX collet must be used.
A machine with an R8 collet system (usually a manual Bridgeport style vertical mill, aiui) normally has a set of collets of varying sizes. To use a 1/2" shank end mill, you install the 1/2" collet, insert the end mill in the collet, and tighten the draw bar to retain the end mill. To use a different size tool, you use a different size collet.
The R8 system is commonly used with collets ranging in size from 1 ⁄ 8 ″ to 3 ⁄ 4 ″ in diameter or tool holders with the same or slightly larger diameters. The collets or tool holders are placed directly into the spindle and the drawbar is tightened into the top of the collet or tool holder from above the spindle.
The Jacobs Rubber-Flex brand is a name that most machinists would recognize for this type of collet chuck system. Regardless of the collet design, the operating principle is the same: squeeze the collet radially against the tool or workpiece to be held, resulting in high static friction. Under correct conditions, it holds quite securely.
This is most commonly a chuck but can include a collet fitted directly into the spindle on the indexing head, faceplate, or between centers. If the part is long then it may be supported with the help of an accompanying tailstock .