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  2. Clara Ramas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Ramas

    Clara Ramas San Miguel (born 1986) is a Spanish philosopher and politician. She is a member of the 11th term of the Assembly of Madrid , integrated within the Más Madrid parliamentary group. Biography

  3. Ramism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramism

    Ramism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic, and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher, and Huguenot convert, who was murdered during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572.

  4. Branches of science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science

    Logic (from Greek: λογική, logikḗ, 'possessed of reason, intellectual, dialectical, argumentative') [5] [6] [note 1] is the systematic study of valid rules of inference, i.e. the relations that lead to the acceptance of one proposition (the conclusion) on the basis of a set of other propositions ().

  5. Dialectic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic

    In classical philosophy, dialectic (Ancient Greek: διαλεκτική dialektikḗ) is a form of reasoning based upon dialogue of arguments and counter-arguments, advocating propositions (theses) and counter-propositions ().

  6. Costumbrismo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costumbrismo

    Some of the work of Goya can be seen as prefiguring costumbrismo, especially as practiced in Madrid.Here, the Fight with Cudgels, one of Goya's Black Paintings.. Antecedents to costumbrismo can be found as early as the 17th century (for example in the work of playwright Juan de Zabaleta) and the current becomes clearer in the 18th century (Diego de Torres Villarroel, José Clavijo y Fajardo ...

  7. David Hume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume

    Hume was born on 26 April 1711, as David Home, in a tenement on the north side of Edinburgh's Lawnmarket.He was the second of two sons born to Catherine Home (née Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer of Newton, Midlothian and his wife Mary Falconer (née Norvell), [14] and Joseph Home of Chirnside in the County of Berwick, an advocate of Ninewells.

  8. Natural philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_philosophy

    A celestial map from the 17th century, by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit. Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe while ignoring any supernatural influence. It was dominant before the development of modern science.

  9. Tabula rasa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_rasa

    Roman tabula, or wax tablet, with stylus. Tabula rasa (/ ˈ t æ b j ə l ə ˈ r ɑː s ə,-z ə, ˈ r eɪ-/; Latin for "blank slate") is the idea of individuals being born empty of any built-in mental content, so that all knowledge comes from later perceptions or sensory experiences.