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  2. Swedish torch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_torch

    Swedish fire with sparks flying. A Swedish torch [a] is a source of heat and light from a vertically set tree trunk, incised and burning in the middle. It became known in Europe during the 1600s and is now used by forest workers, and for leisure activities (especially in southern Germany).

  3. Wood-burning stove - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood-burning_stove

    Wolfgang Schroeter invented the first wood-burning stove with a cast iron frame and glass door. This allowed the user to see the fire burning inside the stove. [16] A fireplace insert converts a wood-burning fireplace to a wood-burning stove. A fireplace insert is a self-contained unit that rests inside the existing fireplace and chimney.

  4. Smudge pot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smudge_pot

    A smudge pot (also known as a choofa or orchard heater) is an oil-burning device used to prevent frost on fruit trees. Usually a smudge pot has a large round base with a chimney coming out of the middle of the base. The smudge pot is placed between trees in an orchard. The burning oil creates heat, smoke, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

  5. Kerosene heater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_heater

    However, most kerosene heaters do not require electricity to operate. Most heaters contain a battery-operated or piezo-electric ignitor to light the heater without the need for matches. If the ignitor should fail the heater can still be lit manually. The Japanese non-vented "fan" heater burns kerosene gas and is known as a gasification type ...

  6. Bukhari (heater) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhari_(heater)

    A bukhāri (Persian بُخاری) is a traditional space heater from Central Asia and northern areas of the Indian Subcontinent, which is typically a wood-burning stove. [1] Bukharis consist of a wide cylindrical fire-chamber at the base in which wood , charcoal or other fuel is burned and a narrower cylinder on the top that helps in heating ...

  7. Tree stump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_stump

    Tree stump, about 37 years after falling. After a tree has been cut and has fallen, the stump or tree stump is usually a small remaining portion of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the age-defining rings of a tree. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology. Stump sculpture by German artist Eberhard Bosslet

  8. Stump harvesting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stump_harvesting

    Uprooted tree stumps. Stump harvesting is not a new process. Records of tree stumps being dug out of the ground for wood fuel go back hundreds of years in Europe. It was practiced in the 1970s in Swedish forests before declining in popularity, but is being considered again there now that there is a greater need for fuel wood.

  9. Central heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_heating

    For short-term cooking, rice paddy straws or crop waste was preferred, while long hours of cooking and floor heating needed longer-burning firewood. Unlike modern-day water heaters, the fuel was either sporadically or regularly burned (two to five times a day), depending on frequency of cooking and seasonal weather conditions.