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Element in X[row 2; col 2] is changed (from 7) to a nested vector "Text" using the enclose ⊂ function. Element in X[row 3; col 4], formerly integer 14, now becomes a mini enclosed or ⊂ nested 2x2 matrix of 4 consecutive integers. Since X contains numbers, text and nested elements, it is both a mixed and a nested array.
In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...
Thus, a Class A civilization would be based on 10 6 bits of information (less than any recorded human culture), a Class B on 10 7, a Class C on 10 8, and so on. Humanity in 1973 would belong to the "0.7 H" class. [ 30 ]
For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the 3 rd power: 1000 = 10 3 = 10 × 10 × 10. More generally, if x = b y, then y is the logarithm of x to base b, written log b x, so log 10 1000 = 3. As a single-variable function, the logarithm to base b is the inverse of exponentiation with base b.
Leibniz, on the other hand, used the letter d as a prefix to indicate differentiation, and introduced the notation representing derivatives as if they were a special type of fraction. For example, the derivative of the function x with respect to the variable t in Leibniz's notation would be written as . This notation makes explicit the variable ...
Critical density of a black hole of around 10 8 solar masses. Water (liquid) 1000: At STP: Osmium: 22 610: Near room temperature: The core of the Sun: c. 150 000: White dwarf: 1 × 10 9 [1] Atomic nuclei: 2.3 × 10 17 [37] Does not depend strongly on size of nucleus Neutron star core: 8.4 × 10 16 – 1 × 10 18: Small black hole: 2 × 10 30 ...
By Congressional Budget Office (CBO) calculations, the lowest income quintile (0–20%) and second quintile (21–40%) of households in the U.S., pay an average federal income tax of −9.3% and −2.6% of income and Social Security taxes of 8.3% and 7.9% of income respectively.
According to the IMF World Economic Outlook Database (April 2021), [3] the level of Gross Government debt-to-GDP ratio in Canada was 116.3%, in China 66.8%, in India 89.6%, in Germany 70.3%, in France 115.2% and in the United States 132.8%. Debt to GDP for the United States