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  2. Trimethylglycine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylglycine

    Trimethylglycine is also used as the hydrochloride salt (marketed as betaine hydrochloride or betaine HCl). Betaine hydrochloride was sold over-the-counter (OTC) as a purported gastric aid in the United States. US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Section 310.540, which became effective in November 1993, banned the marketing of betaine ...

  3. Betaine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaine

    Cocamidopropyl betaine is an example of a betaine. A betaine (/ ˈ b iː t ə. iː n, b ɪ ˈ t eɪ-,-ɪ n /) in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group that bears no hydrogen atom, such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions), and with a negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate group that ...

  4. Caustic ingestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_ingestion

    Clinical attempts to empty the stomach can cause further injuries. [1] Activated charcoal does not neutralize caustics and can also obscure endoscopic visualization. [ 1 ] There is no known clinical benefit of neutralization of the caustic substances; neutralization releases heat as well as causing gaseous distention and vomiting, all of which ...

  5. Atrophic gastritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritis

    As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor is impaired, leading to digestive problems. The most common are pernicious anemia possibly leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency ; and malabsorption of iron, leading to iron deficiency anaemia . [ 2 ]

  6. Enteric coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_coating

    An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied to oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. [1] This helps by either protecting drugs from the acidity of the stomach, the stomach from the detrimental effects of the drug, or to release the drug after the stomach (usually in the upper tract of the intestine). [2]

  7. Alkaline tide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_tide

    Alkaline tide (mal del puerco) refers to a condition, normally encountered after eating a meal, where during the production of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells in the stomach, the parietal cells secrete bicarbonate ions across their basolateral membranes and into the blood, causing a temporary increase in blood pH.

  8. Chloral betaine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_betaine

    Chloral betaine (USAN, BAN) (brand names Beta-Chlor, Somilan), also known as cloral betaine , is a sedative-hypnotic drug.

  9. Gastric folds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_folds

    It is the innermost layer of the stomach. [5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). Sub-mucosal layer – This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue. It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa. [6]