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Living polymerization: A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent. Note : In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
Living cationic polymerization is a living polymerization technique involving cationic propagating species. [1] [2] It enables the synthesis of very well defined polymers (low molar mass distribution) and of polymers with unusual architecture such as star polymers and block copolymers and living cationic polymerization is therefore as such of commercial and academic interest.
RAFT is a type of living polymerization involving a conventional radical polymerization which is mediated by a RAFT agent. [8] Monomers must be capable of radical polymerization. [9] There are a number of steps in a RAFT polymerization: initiation, pre-equilibrium, re-initiation, main equilibrium, propagation and termination.
Living free radical polymerization is a type of living polymerization where the active polymer chain end is a free radical. Several methods exist. Several methods exist. IUPAC recommends [ 1 ] to use the term " reversible-deactivation radical polymerization " instead of "living free radical polymerization", though the two terms are not synonymous.
Despite often being referred to as an ocean, including within the novel itself, Solaris is not aquatic in nature and is more akin to a chemical soup. The depiction of Solaris was praised by critics as a rare example of non-anthropomorphic alien contact in fiction - a creature that does not act, or even think in a way that humans can understand. [1]
Complexes derived from non-coordinating anions have been used to catalyze hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, oligomerization, and the living polymerization of alkenes. The popularization of non-coordinating anions has contributed to increased understanding of agostic complexes wherein hydrocarbons and hydrogen serve as ligands.
The Riverworld series consists of five science fiction novels (1971–1983) by American author Philip José Farmer (1918–2009). The Riverworld is an artificial, or heavily terraformed, planet where all humans (and pre-humans) who ever lived throughout history have been restored to life. The novels (and a few shorter works) explore ...
Conventional chain-growth polymerization involves at least two phases; initiation and propagation, while and in some cases termination and chain transfer phases also occur. Chain-growth supramolecular polymerization in a broad sense involves two distinct phases; a less favored nucleation and a favored propagation. In this mechanism, after the ...