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The autonomous provinces were created in 2000. The official motivation was to make Madagascar a decentralised federal state. Critics say that the hidden motivation was to make sure that Ratsiraka had a solid support from most of the provinces; his party AREMA won the provincial elections 2000 in all provinces except Antananarivo.
The autonomous provinces, having the same names and territories as the already existing provinces, were created in 2000. During the power struggle after the presidential elections in 2001, five of those provinces, whose governors supported Ratsiraka, declared themselves independent from the republic.
Madagascar is divided into 23 regions (faritra). These formerly second-tier administrative divisions became first-level administrative divisions when the former six provinces were dissolved on 4 October 2009.
In political history, the term has been used as designation for various types of autonomous entities, on medium levels of administrative hierarchy. In relative terms, an autonomous province usually has less autonomy than an autonomous state, but more autonomy than an autonomous region. Administrative autonomy of a province can be expressed in ...
Madagascar, [a] officially the Republic of Madagascar, [b] is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth largest island (after Greenland, New Guinea, and Borneo), the second-largest island country (after Indonesia), and the 46th largest country overall. [14]
The Island of Madagascar is the fourth-largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are endemic to Madagascar. [2] They include the lemur superfamily of primates , the carnivorous fossa , three bird families and six baobab species.
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The written history of Madagascar begins in the 7th century when Omanis established trading posts along the northwest coast and introduced Islam, the Arabic script (used to transcribe the Malagasy language in a form of writing known as the sorabe alphabet), Arab astrology and other cultural elements. [50]