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Lists of Muslim scientists and scholars cover scientists and scholars who were active in the Islamic world before the modern era. They include: List of scientists in medieval Islamic world; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Muslim Nobel laureates
The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.
Muslim scholars have developed a spectrum of viewpoints on science within the context of Islam. [1] Scientists of medieval Muslim civilization (e.g. Ibn al-Haytham) contributed to the new discoveries in science.
"Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists". Journal of Religion and Health . 43 (4): 357– 377.
"Nobel laureates of the Islamic world" - S Iftikhar Murshed, The News International, April 3, 2011 "Professor Abdus Salam" "No Nobels for the Muslim World" by Aziz Akhmad, The Express Tribune, October 6, 2011 "Abdus Salam, 'First Muslim Nobel Laureate'", The Culture Trip. (Abdus Salam was a theoretical physicist who became the first Pakistani ...
Ulama, guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam; Allamah, Islamic honorary title for a scholar; Mullah, Muslim clergy or mosque leader; List of da'is; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Turkish philosophers and scientists; Islamic philosophy
Arab scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237. Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following.
Modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents. Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World.