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These terms are important for distinguishing different dip-slip fault types: reverse faults and normal faults. In a reverse fault, the hanging wall displaces upward, while in a normal fault the hanging wall displaces downward. Distinguishing between these two fault types is important for determining the stress regime of the fault movement.
Dip is defined as the angle of the fault relative to the surface of the earth, which indicates the plane on which slip will occur. Lastly, in any non-vertical fault, the block above the fault is called the hanging wall, while the blockbelow the fault is called the footwall. [4] Normal and reverse dip-slip faults with labeled hanging wall and ...
Normal fault: Active: 2020 Salt Lake City (M5.7) Wellington Fault ... Oblique-reverse (sinstral) Active: 1952 Kern County (M7.5) Whittier Fault: California, United ...
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault, in which the rock above the fault is displaced upwards relative to the rock below the fault. This distinguishes reverse faults from normal faults, where the rock above the fault is displaced downwards, or strike-slip faults, where the rock on one side of the fault is displaced horizontally with respect ...
A fault zone that displaces sealing units and reservoir rocks can act as a conduit for hydrocarbon migration. [6] The fault zone itself has higher storage capacity (specific capacity) than that of the reservoir rocks, therefore, before the migration to other units, the fault zone has to be fully filled [6] (Gif 3). This can slower and ...
Strike-slip faults are associated with dominantly horizontal movement, leading to relatively simple linear zones of surface rupture where the fault is a simple planar structure. However, many strike-slip faults are formed of overlapping segments, leading to complex zones of normal or reverse faulting depending on the nature of the overlap.
The likelihood of fault reactivation depends on the dip of the existing fault plane. Lower angle faults are more favourable as the resolved shear stress on the plane is higher. When a listric fault , which increases in dip upwards, reactivates the uppermost part of the fault may be too steep and new reverse faults typically develop in the ...
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. [1] [2] If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizontal [3]) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer range) the fault is called an overthrust or overthrust fault. [4]