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In physiology, transduction is the translation of arriving stimulus into an action potential by a sensory receptor. It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a sensory receptor . A sensory receptor converts the energy in a stimulus into an electrical signal. [ 1 ]
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]
There are two ways that this can lead to transduction. [citation needed] ... Generalized transduction is a rare event and occurs on the order of 1 phage in 11,000.
Two main signal transduction mechanisms have been identified, via nuclear receptors, or via transmembrane receptors. In the first one, first messenger cross through the cell membrane, binding and activating intracellular receptors localized at nucleus or cytosol , which then act as transcriptional factors regulating directly gene expression.
Transduction (trans-+ -duc-+ -tion, "leading through or across") can refer to: Signal transduction , any process by which a biological cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another Olfactory transduction
Transduction in general is the transportation or transformation of something from one form, place, or concept to another. In psychology , transduction refers to reasoning from specific cases to general cases, typically employed by children during their development.
The significance of TGF-β is apparent with the human diseases that occur when TGF-β processes are disrupted, such as cancer, and skeletal, intestinal and cardiovascular diseases. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] TGF-β is pleiotropic and multifunctional, meaning they are able to act on a wide variety of cell types.
Autocrine signaling occurs when the chemical signal acts on the same cell that produced the signaling chemical. [1] Intracrine signaling occurs when the chemical signal produced by a cell acts on receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the same cell. [2] Juxtacrine signaling occurs between physically adjacent cells. [3]