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Venera 4 was the first successful probe, and showed that CO 2 is the main component in Venus' atmosphere. [15] [5] Venera 7 found the temperature and pressure data as well as the atmospheric composition. [5] [16] Venera 8 measured the K, U, and Th on the surface through gamma-ray analysis. [5]
Spacecraft failure Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC. Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned. [12] Molniya-M: Venera 3 (3MV-3 No.1) 16 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Lander Spacecraft failure Communications lost as soon as spacecraft entered atmosphere on 1 March 1966, no data ...
From 1961 to 1984, the Soviet Union developed the Venera probes for surface mapping by radar. The Venera 4 (on October 18, 1967) was the first lander to make a soft landing on Venus (also the first for another planetary object). The probe operated for about 23 minutes before being destroyed by the Venusian atmosphere.
Venera 4V-2 (Russian: Венера 4В-2) was a series of two identical spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union, consisting of Venera 15 and Venera 16. [1] Both uncrewed orbiters were to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems. The spacecraft were identical and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes.
Contact with Venera 1 was lost 7 days after launch. It was the first spacecraft to fly by Venus, or indeed any planet. [76] Mariner 2: Venus 27 August 1962 14 December 1962 110 days (3 months, 18 days) Mariner 2 flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 34,773 km. It was the first spacecraft to return data from Venus. [77] Mars 1: Mars 1 November 1962
Venera 9: USSR 22 October 1975 Mission terminated on March 22, 1976 First Venus orbiter Venera 10: USSR 23 October 1975 Contact lost sometime in June 1976 Pioneer Venus Orbiter: USA 4 December 1978 Contact lost 8 October 1992; Atmospheric entry disintegration on 22 October 1992. Venera 15: USSR 10 October 1983 Contact lost January 5, 1985 ...
Venera 16 (Russian: Венера-16 meaning Venus 16) was a spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union. This uncrewed orbiter was to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems. The spacecraft was identical to Venera 15 and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes.
Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus . When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became the first spacecraft to soft land on another planet and the first to transmit data from there back to Earth .