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The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1. The hippocampal relay involves three main regions within the hippocampus which are classified according to their cell type and projection fibers.
This is the oldest brain in the Triune Theory and anatomically is made up of the brain stem and the cerebellum. [10] In reptiles, both the brain stem and cerebellum dominate and are the control centres for basic function. It has been found that these two parts of the brain are responsible for emotions such as paranoia, obsession and compulsion. [5]
The brain is made up of individual cells (neurons) that contain specialized features such as dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Neurons are cells differentiable from other tissues in the body. Neurons differ in size, shape, and structure according to their location or functional specialization.
A striking characteristic of HD cells is that in most brain regions they maintain the same relative preferred firing directions, even if the animal is moved to a different room, or if landmarks are moved. This has suggested that the cells interact so as to maintain a unitary stable heading signal (see "Theoretical models").
For example, in the rat, the two hippocampi look similar to a pair of bananas, joined at the stems. In the human and other primates, the portion of the hippocampus near the base of the temporal lobe is much broader than the part at the top. Due to the three-dimensional curvature of the hippocampus, two-dimensional sections are commonly presented.
Vestibular nerve (part of cranial nerve 8) – the main equilibrioception-related cranial nerve; Peripheral chemoreceptor in the brain – monitors the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the brain Chemoreceptor trigger zone – area in the brain that receives inputs from drugs and hormones, and controls vomiting
The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.2–1.4 kg (2.6–3.1 lb) which is about 2% of the total body weight, [2] [3] with a volume of around 1260 cm 3 in men and 1130 cm 3 in women. [4] There is substantial individual variation, [ 4 ] with the standard reference range for men being 1,180–1,620 g (2.60–3.57 lb) [ 5 ] and for women ...
In adult humans the volume of the hippocampus on each side of the brain is about 3.0 to 3.5 cm 3 as compared to 320 to 420 cm 3 for the volume of the neocortex. [ 170 ] There is also a general relationship between the size of the hippocampus and spatial memory.