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Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil with a fresh, camphoraceous odour and a colour that ranges from pale yellow to nearly colourless and clear. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is derived from the leaves of the tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia , native to southeast Queensland and the northeast coast of New South Wales , Australia.
Melaleuca (/ ˌ m ɛ l ə ˈ lj uː k ə /) is a genus of nearly 300 species of plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, commonly known as paperbarks, honey-myrtles, bottlebrushes or tea-trees (although the last name is also applied to species of Leptospermum).
Melaleuca linearifolia is a shrub or small tree growing to 4 m (10 ft) tall with grey, hard, flaking bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 29–152 mm (1–6 in) long, 4–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide, flat but thickened at the edges, linear to lance-shaped, pointed at the tip, with a mid-vein and 17 to 35 branching veins.
Melaleuca rugulosa is a shrub growing to 5 m (20 ft) high with an open, straggling habit and peeling grey bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 21–86 mm (0.8–3 in) long, 2.5–8.5 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide, flat, thick, rigid, narrow elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end near the base and have a sharp point.
Melaleuca pallida is a shrub or tree growing to 8 m (30 ft) tall, with fibrous or papery bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 20–79 mm (0.8–3 in) long, 4–17 mm (0.2–0.7 in) wide, flat or broadly v-shaped, narrow elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrow end towards the base and with a small point at the end.
Melaleuca hypericifolia is a large woody shrub or small tree growing to 6 m (20 ft) in height, with greyish papery bark. Its leaves are arranged in alternate pairs (), 10–40 mm (0.4–2 in) long, 4–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide, narrow elliptic in shape with a central groove on the upper surface.
Melaleuca formosa is a spreading shrub growing to 2–6 m (7–20 ft) tall. Its leaves are arranged alternately and are 35–86 mm (1–3 in) long, 3–9 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide, flat, narrow egg-shaped or narrow elliptical with a mid-vein and have distinct oil glands and 11 to 24 branching veins.
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