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Mecca (/ ˈmɛkə /; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, [a] commonly shortened to Makkah[b]) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam. [4] It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level.
The Prophet's Mosque in Medina. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is located in Medina, making the city the second-holiest site in Islam, after Mecca. Medina is the final place-of-residence of Muhammad, and where his qabr is located. [1] In addition to the Prophet's Mosque, the city has the mosques of Qubāʾ [17] and Al-Qiblatayn ("The Two Qiblahs"). [18]
Medina, [a] officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina), is the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia.
Rashidun Caliphate. The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina[2] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 CE under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). After Muhammad's death, his companions known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs ...
Masjid al-Haram (Arabic: ٱَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلْحَرَام, romanized: al-Masjid al-Ḥarām, lit. 'The Sacred Mosque'), [4] also known as the Sacred Mosque or the Great Mosque of Mecca, [5] is considered to be the most significant mosque in Islam. [6][7] It encloses the vicinity of the Kaaba in Mecca, in the Mecca Province of ...
The first city converted to Islam and the base for Muhammad's conquest of Arabia, Medina was the first capital of the nascent caliphate. [1] Despite the attempt to return it to Medina during the Second Fitna (680–692), the political seat of the Muslim world quickly shifted permanently away from the Hejaz, first to Damascus under the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and then to Baghdad under the ...
The Masjid al-Haram (the Grand Mosque) in Mecca is the location of the Kaaba, Islam's holiest site, and the Masjid al-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque) in Medina is the location of Muhammad's grave; as a result, from the 7th century, Mecca and Medina became the pilgrimage destinations for large numbers of Muslims from across the Islamic world. [64]
In Western sources, the prince of Mecca was known as Grand Sherif, but Arabs have always used the appellation "Emir". [3] The Sharifate existed from about 967 to 1916, when it became the Kingdom of Hejaz. [4] From 1201, the descendants of the Sharifian patriarch Qatada ruled over Mecca, Medina and the Hejaz in unbroken succession until 1925. [5]