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Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is female infertility caused by diseases, obstructions, damage, scarring, congenital malformations or other factors which impede the descent of a fertilized or unfertilized ovum into the uterus through the fallopian tubes and prevents a normal pregnancy and full term birth. Tubal factors cause 25-30% of ...
Spina bifida is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [3] After having one child with the condition, or if one of the parents has the condition, there is a 4% chance that the next child will also be affected. [4]
A thickening of the fallopian tube at its narrow isthmus portion, due to inflammation, is known as salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Like another PID endometriosis, it may lead to fallopian tube obstruction. Fallopian tube obstruction may be a cause of infertility or ectopic pregnancy. [19]
Results of tubal surgery are inversely related to damage that exists prior to surgery. [10] Development of adhesions remains a problem. [1] Patients with operated tubes are at increased risk for ectopic pregnancy, [10] although in vitro fertilization in patients with damaged tubes is also associated with a risk for ectopic pregnancy.
infections: during the pregnancy, a woman can develop an infection in the uterus what can lead to problems with the neural tube. [medical citation needed] environmental toxins: during the pregnancy, a woman can be exposed to environmental toxins that may have effect on the health of the infant. [medical citation needed]
A heterotopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which both extrauterine pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously. [2] It may also be referred to as a combined ectopic pregnancy, multiple‑sited pregnancy, or coincident pregnancy. The most common site of the extrauterine pregnancy is the fallopian tube.
Damaged oviducts from salpingitis increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy by 7-10 fold. Half of ectopic pregnancies are due to a salpingitis infection. [2] Other complications are: [3] Infection of ovaries and uterus; Infection of sex partners; An abscess on the ovary; Internal scars resulting in Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome of the liver [6]
The uterotubal junction is the connection between the endometrial cavity of the uterus and the fallopian tube (uterine tube) at the proximal tubal opening, the beginning of the intramural part of the fallopian tube. Histologically, the endometrial epithelium changes over to ciliated tubal epithelium.