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Old Lutherans were German Lutherans in the Kingdom of Prussia, ... Upon Frederick William's death in 1840, persecution of the Old Lutherans eased substantially ...
Many Lutheran congregations resisted this forced union by worshipping in secret and many even went so far as crossing into neighboring German states to have their children baptized or to receive communion from an orthodox Lutheran pastor. [2] While persecution of Confessional Lutherans in Prussia was much more severe with police disrupting ...
In 1841, the Old Lutherans who had stayed in Prussia convened in a general synod in Breslau and founded the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Prussia, which merged in 1972 with Old Lutheran church bodies in other German states to become today's Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church (German: Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche, or SELK ...
The unification of the two branches of German Protestantism sparked the Schism of the Old Lutherans. Many Lutherans, called "Old Lutherans", despite imprisonment and military force, [41] chose to leave the established churches and form independent church bodies, or "free churches" while others left for the United States and Australia. A similar ...
The first Lutherans to come to Australia in any significant number were immigrants from Prussia, who arrived in 1838 with Pastor August Kavel.This period in Prussia was marked by a persecution of Old Lutherans who refused to use join the Prussian Union under King Frederick Wilhelm III.
During their 19th-century persecution, Old Lutheran, defined as scholastic and orthodox believers, were left in a conundrum. Resistance to authority was traditionally considered disobedience, but, under the circumstances, upholding orthodox doctrine and historical practice was considered by the government disobedience.
The initial establishment of Klemzig as an Old Lutheran settlement in the South Australian Colony is attributed to a decision by Pastor August Ludwig Christian Kavel. Pastor Kavel was determined to help his loyal parishioners emigrate from Brandenburg, Posen and Silesia to escape religious persecution by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia.
The 1817 Prussian Union of Churches resulted in the persecution of Old Lutherans. For example, Johannes Andreas August Grabau was stripped of his clerical office and imprisoned for one year. [64] Old Lutherans emigrated en masse from affected areas such as Prussia, Silesia, and Pomerania to