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Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. [1] [2] This operation is most commonly used to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous. [2] It may also be used for severe or recurrent cases of pericardial effusion. [3]
The pericardium (pl.: pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [1] It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue ( fibrous pericardium ), and an inner layer made of serous membrane ( serous pericardium ).
Pericardiectomy is the partial or complete removal of the pericardial sac around the heart. Pharyngectomy is the removal of the pharynx (also called the throat). Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy is the surgical removal of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus, usually as a result of cancer of the hypopharynx.
Pericardiocentesis is a one-off procedure, which may not be appropriate for long-term drainage. In cases where longer term drainage is needed, the cardiothoracic surgeon can create a pericardial window. This involves the removal of a section of the pericardium, and the placement of a chest tube. [citation needed]
Pericardial drainage. There are several therapeutic mechanisms that can be used to drain purulent fluid from the pericardial sac. These include pericardiocentesis, and possible subxiphoid pericardiotomy, pericardiectomy, and video-assisted thoracic surgery in complicated cases. [3] [8] [10]
Surgical removal of the pericardium, pericardiectomy, may be used in severe cases and where the pericarditis is causing constriction, impairing cardiac function. It is less effective if the pericarditis is a consequence of trauma, in elderly patients, and if the procedure is done incompletely.
When discovered, hemopericardium is usually treated by pericardiocentesis, a procedure wherein a needle is used to remove the fluid from the pericardial sac. [6] This procedure typically utilizes an 8-cm, 18-gauge needle that is inserted between the xiphoid process and the left costal margin until it enters the pericardial sac , when it can ...
After harvesting, the pericardium—the sac that surrounds the heart—is opened and stay sutures are placed to keep it open. Purse string sutures are placed in the aorta to prepare the insertions of the cannula into the aorta, and a catheter which temporarily arrests the heart using a solution high in potassium. Another purse string is placed ...