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Somatic symptom disorder, also known as somatoform disorder or somatization disorder, is defined by one or more chronic physical symptoms that coincide with excessive and maladaptive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors connected to those symptoms.
The term medically unexplained symptoms is in some cases treated as synonymous to older terms such as psychosomatic symptoms, conversion disorders, somatic symptoms, somatisations or somatoform disorders; as well as contemporary terms such as functional disorders, bodily distress, and persistent physical symptoms. [6]
The currently identified class of functional somatic syndromes present as a complex enigma within the medical community; they are highly prevalent, but little is known about the etiology of these conditions. A majority of patients presenting with persistent, widespread somatic complaints have no identifiable organic cause.
Somatization is the generation of somatic symptoms due to psychological distress, often coinciding with a tendency to seek medical help for them. [1] [2] The term somatization was introduced by Wilhelm Stekel in 1924. [3] Somatization is a worldwide phenomenon, [4] with chronic cases being classified as somatic symptom disorder. [5]
Somatic anxiety, also known as somatization, is the physical manifestation of anxiety. [1] It is commonly contrasted with cognitive anxiety, which is the mental manifestation of anxiety, or the specific thought processes that occur during anxiety, such as concern or worry .
Somatic Complaints; Social Problems; Thought Problems; Withdrawn/Depressed. There are two "broadband" [8] scales that combine several of the syndrome scales: Internalizing problems sums the Anxious/depressed, Withdrawn-depressed, and Somatic complaints scores; Externalizing problems combines Rule-breaking and Aggressive behavior.
The current version of the DSM (DSM-5) lists somatic symptom disorder (SSD) under the heading of "somatic symptom and related disorders", and illness anxiety disorder (IAD) under both this heading and as an anxiety disorder. [25] The ICD-10, like the third and fourth versions of the DSM, lists hypochondriasis as a somatoform disorder. [26]
In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders the older term somatoform (DSM-IV) has been replaced by somatic symptom disorder, which is a disorder characterised by persistent somatic (physical) symptoms, and associated psychological problems to the degree that it interferes with daily functioning and causes ...