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Dirofilaria immitis, also known as heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is a type of filarial worm, a small thread-like worm, and which causes dirofilariasis. It is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes. Four genera of mosquitoes transmit dirofilariasis, Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, and Mansonia. [2]
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and an increased risk of sunburn. [1] Use during pregnancy is not recommended. [1] Like other agents of the tetracycline class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production. [1] [4] It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast. [5] [6]
Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, rarely infects humans. Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes. These worms are transmitted by infected mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex, Anopheles and Mansonia. Recent evidence suggests that climate change has an influence in the spread of the parasitic disease and its vectors.
Side-effects from tetracyclines are not common, but of particular note is phototoxicity. It increases the risk of sunburn under exposure to light from the sun or other sources. This may be of particular importance for those intending to take on vacations long-term doxycycline as a malaria prophylaxis.
From Latin dīrus 'fearful; ominous' + fīlum 'thread', Dirofilaria is a genus of nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea.The first known description of Dirofilaria may have been by Italian nobleman Francesco Birago in 1626 in his Treatise on Hunting: “The dog generates two worms, which are half an arm’s length long and thicker than a finger and red like fire.”
Drawbacks to using doxycycline include bacterial resistance and patient compliance because of a longer treatment regimen and the emergence of doxycycline-resistant Wolbachia. However, in the study over 97% of the patients complied with treatment, so it poses as a promising treatment for onchocerciasis while avoiding complications associated ...
Heartworm disease is caused by Dirofilaria immitis, which uses the mosquito as its vector. Heartworms live in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle of the heart. Heartworm disease in dogs is spread by mosquitoes that harbor the parasite Dirofilaria immitis. Signs include cough, difficulty breathing, and death.
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