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An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source, usually for safety reasons or to reduce transients and harmonics. [1]
An isolation transformer links two circuits magnetically, but provides no metallic conductive path between the circuits. An example application would be in the power supply for medical equipment, when it is necessary to prevent any leakage from the AC power system into devices connected to a patient.
An autotransformer does not provide electrical isolation between its windings as an ordinary transformer does; if the neutral side of the input is not at ground voltage, the neutral side of the output will not be either. A failure of the isolation of the windings of an autotransformer can result in full input voltage applied to the output. Also ...
Some filtering may take place as well. In some cases, the source voltage is the same as the output voltage; this is called an isolation transformer. Other AC power supply transformers do not provide mains isolation; these are called autotransformers; a variable output autotransformer is known as a variac.
A transformer is the most widespread example of galvanic isolation. An opto-isolator is a very popular method of isolation in digital circuits. Cross-section of dual in-line package opto-isolators. Relative sizes of LED (red) and sensor (green) are exaggerated.
Austin transformer A kind of isolation transformer. automatic gain control A circuit that automatically adjusts the magnitude of a signal to prevent it from becoming too small or too large. automatic transfer switch An electrical switch used to automatically select a standby source of electrical power when the principal source is lost. automation
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