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[1] [2] The ancient burial process evolved over time as old customs were discarded and new ones adopted, but several important elements of the process persisted. Although specific details changed over time, the preparation of the body, the magic rituals, and grave goods were all essential parts of a proper Egyptian funeral.
Mummification was a practice that the ancient Egyptians adopted because they believed that the body needed to be preserved in order for the dead to be reborn in the afterlife. [15] Initially, Egyptians thought that like Ra , their physical bodies, or Khat, would reawaken after they completed their journey through the underworld. [ 16 ]
Pharaohs' subjects viewed the pharaoh as a living god, the god Horus. Once the pharaoh died, he became the god Osiris, the king of eternity. [5] While some retainers' deaths appear to have been taken for granted, other sacrifices appear to have raised the status and wealth of some retainers in the afterlife.
The latter was found placed in the right part of the body, while the usual practice of the day was to place it in the left part during the mummification process. Opinions vary whether this was a mistake or an attempt to have Seti's heart work better in his afterlife. Seti I's mummy is about 1.7 metres (5 feet 7 inches) tall. [21]
In addition to these components of the soul, there was the human body (called the ḥꜥ, occasionally a plural ḥꜥw, meaning approximately "sum of bodily parts"). According to ancient Egyptian creation myths, the god Atum created the world out of chaos, utilizing his own magic . [1]
Plate from By Nile and Tigris [5] vol.2, 1920 (facing p.360) showing how the body (EA 32751) was displayed in the British Museum at that time. The mummies were acquired by the British Museum in 1900. [17] One male adult body, museum number EA 32751 (then nicknamed "Ginger"), went on display in 1901 and was the earliest mummified body seen by ...
Experts working in the Tomb of Cerberus in Giugliano, an area in Naples, unsealed a 2,000-year-old sarcophagus. Inside they found the remains of a shockingly well-preserved body lying face-up and ...
The texts first appeared in the pyramid of the last pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, that belonging to Unas. [38] [1] A total of 283 spells [39] [a] appear on the subterranean walls of Unas' pyramid. [38] These spells are the smallest and best-preserved corpus of the texts in the Old Kingdom. [42]