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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those who are susceptible. [1] Symptoms include muscle rigidity , fever , and a fast heart rate . [ 1 ]
Onset of pain relief is rapid and of a short duration. [4] Use is only recommended with direct medical supervision. [5] Common side effects include anxiety, headache, sleepiness, cough, and nausea. [5] Serious side effects may include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, and malignant hyperthermia.
Harrison experimentally induced malignant hyperthermia with halothane anesthesia in genetically susceptible pigs, and obtained an 87.5% survival rate, where seven of his eight experiments survived after intravenous administration of dantrolene.
When used in a vein, onset of action is generally within one minute and effects last for up to 10 minutes. [7] Common side effects include low blood pressure, increased saliva production, muscle pain, and rash. [7] Serious side effects include malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalemia and allergic reactions.
Isoflurane is always administered in conjunction with air or pure oxygen.Often, nitrous oxide is also used. Although its physical properties imply that anaesthesia can be induced more rapidly than with halothane, [10] its pungency can irritate the respiratory system, negating any possible advantage conferred by its physical properties.
When muscle relaxant with rapid onset and short duration of action is required, there has been little choice apart from succinylcholine but this drug has important contraindications; for example, it can trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals, it has a prolonged duration of action in patients with pseudocholinesterase ...
Hyperthermia is generally diagnosed by the combination of unexpectedly high body temperature and a history that supports hyperthermia instead of a fever. [2] Most commonly this means that the elevated temperature has occurred in a hot, humid environment (heat stroke) or in someone taking a drug for which hyperthermia is a known side effect ...
Temperature measurement to discern hypothermia or fever, and to allow early detection of malignant hyperthermia. Electroencephalography, entropy monitoring, or other systems may be used to verify the depth of anaesthesia. This reduces the likelihood of anaesthesia awareness and of overdose.