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  2. Amino acid synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis

    The commercial production of amino acids usually relies on mutant bacteria that overproduce individual amino acids using glucose as a carbon source. Some amino acids are produced by enzymatic conversions of synthetic intermediates. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of L-cysteine for example.

  3. Adaptor hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptor_hypothesis

    Crick proposed that each amino acid is first attached to its own specific “adaptor” piece of nucleic acid (in an enzyme-catalysed reaction). The order of assembly of the amino acids is then determined by a specific recognition between the adaptor and the nucleic acid which is serving as the informational template.

  4. Schöllkopf method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schöllkopf_method

    The Schöllkopf method or Schöllkopf Bis-Lactim Amino Acid Synthesis is a method in organic chemistry for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. [1] [2] The method was established in 1981 by Ulrich Schöllkopf. [3] [4] [5] In it glycine is a substrate, valine a chiral auxiliary and the reaction taking place an alkylation.

  5. Cyanosulfidic prebiotic synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanosulfidic_Prebiotic...

    Cyanosulfidic prebiotic synthesis is a proposed mechanism for the origin of the key chemical building blocks of life. [1] It involves a systems chemistry approach to synthesize the precursors of amino acids, ribonucleotides, and lipids using the same starting reagents and largely the same plausible early Earth conditions. [2]

  6. Metabolic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_engineering

    Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely used in metabolic engineering to synthesize a wide variety of products such as amino acids because it is relatively easy to maintain and modify. [14] If the organism does not contain the complete pathway for the desired product or result, then genes that produce the missing enzymes must be incorporated into ...

  7. Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirenberg_and_Matthaei...

    The experiments used mixtures with all 20 amino acids. For each individual experiment, 19 amino acids were "cold" (nonradioactive), and one was "hot" (radioactively tagged with 14 C so they could detect the tagged amino acid later). They varied the "hot" amino acid in each round of the experiment, seeking to determine which amino acids would be ...

  8. Sidney W. Fox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_W._Fox

    Sidney Walter Fox (24 March 1912 – 10 August 1998) was a Los Angeles-born biochemist responsible for discoveries on the origins of biological systems. Fox explored the synthesis of amino acids from inorganic molecules, the synthesis of proteinous amino acids and amino acid polymers called "proteinoids" from inorganic molecules and thermal energy, and created what he thought was the world's ...

  9. Peptide library - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_library

    Many libraries utilize peptide chains much shorter than 70 amino acids. For 20 encoded amino acids at maximally 70 positions, this results in an upper limit of 20 70, or more than 10 quindecillion (1x10 91), possible combinations, not accounting for the potential use of amino acids with post-translational modifications or amino acids not ...