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Such small synchronous motors are able to start without assistance if the moment of inertia of the rotor and its mechanical load are sufficiently small. The motor accelerates from slip speed to synchronous speed during an accelerating half cycle of the reluctance torque. [ 3 ]
Low-power synchronous timing motors (such as those for traditional electric clocks) may have multi-pole permanent magnet external cup rotors, and use shading coils to provide starting torque. Telechron clock motors have shaded poles for starting torque, and a two-spoke ring rotor that performs like a discrete two-pole rotor.
In both induction and synchronous motors, the AC power supplied to the motor's stator creates a magnetic field that rotates in synchronism with the AC oscillations. Whereas a synchronous motor's rotor turns at the same rate as the stator field, an induction motor's rotor rotates at a somewhat slower speed than the stator field.
In the asynchronous category, we have induction motors, while the synchronous group contains permanent-magnet and current-excited motors. Induction motors have been around since the 19th century.
The synchronous motor can also be used as an alternator. Contemporary synchronous motors are frequently driven by solid state variable-frequency drives. This greatly eases the problem of starting the massive rotor of a large synchronous motor.
It is used to dampen the transient oscillations and facilitate the start-up operation. [ 2 ] Since the design of a damper winding is similar to that of a asynchronous motor , the winding technically enables the direct-on-line start and can even be used for the motor operation in the asynchronous mode.