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The so-called voucher privatization program of 1992–1994 enabled a handful of young men to become billionaires, specifically by arbitraging the vast difference between old domestic prices for Russian commodities (such as natural gas and oil) and the prices prevailing on the world market.
Oligarchy (from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and ἄρχω (árkhō) 'to rule, command') [1] [2] [3] is a form of government in which power rests with a small number of people.
A business oligarch is generally a business magnate who controls sufficient resources to influence national politics. [1] [2] A business leader can be considered an oligarch if some of the following conditions are satisfied:
Sen. Bernie Sanders calls them "oligarchs," while Gov. J.B. Pritzker gets cheers when touting his own billionaire status.
The sanctioning of so-called oligarchs — wealthy Russians with strong political connections — comes as the U.S. and the West attempt to impose "maximum pain" on Russia to penalize it for its ...
[1] [2] Writing for the journal Foreign Affairs, political scientist Robert Legvold called the book "a masterful blend of adventure and serious, informed analysis." [ 3 ] Rosalie Parker, writing for The SAIS Review of International Affairs , gave a more mixed review which praised the book for its depth and digestible format while criticizing it ...
The personal asset freezes target a wide range of people: top officials like Putin and so-called oligarchs, regional officials with few assets abroad, and tycoons like the 61-year-old Makarov.
Some Russian billionaires as of March 2022 (see § Current list) This is a ranking list of Russian billionaires. The following is based on the annual estimated wealth and assets assessment compiled and published by American business magazine Forbes. The wealth of 83 people exceeds $1 billion. [1]