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Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass, and other navigational tools. [1] It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg [ 2 ] across the Sahara and the Inuit [ 3 ] across the Arctic , who use subtle cues ...
This allows access to the map such that the location could be marked with a pencil if using the reference card in reverse having been given a grid reference to start with. They are used in many types of land navigation and map reading, to give a more accurate grid reference than one just estimated by eye from the grid lines on the map.
Position resection and intersection are methods for determining an unknown geographic position (position finding) by measuring angles with respect to known positions.In resection, the one point with unknown coordinates is occupied and sightings are taken to the known points; in intersection, the two points with known coordinates are occupied and sightings are taken to the unknown point.
In a contemporary land navigation context, true, magnetic, and grid bearings are always measured in this way, with true north, magnetic north, or grid north being 0° in a 360-degree system. [5] In aircraft navigation, an angle is normally measured from the aircraft's track or heading, in a clockwise direction.
UTM zones on an equirectangular world map with irregular zones in red and New York City's zone highlighted. The first part of an MGRS coordinate is the grid-zone designation. The 6° wide UTM zones, numbered 1–60, are intersected by latitude bands that are normally 8° high, lettered C–X (omitting I and O).
In addition to the accredited courses, RSMS also delivers a range of specialist courses to Defence personnel, including Imagery Analysis, Full Motion Video Interpretation, GPS, Map Reading, Land Navigation, Geographic Information Systems and Terrain Analysis. [1] The school is based at Denison Barracks in Hermitage, Royal County of Berkshire. [2]
Topography and symbols for water, trees, private vs. public land etc. are all important semiotic markers for reading maps, orienteering, and finding one's way around the wilderness. Map symbols need to be simple, understandable, and meet professional cartography standards.
In navigation, directions on maps are usually expressed with reference to geographical or true north, the direction toward the Geographical North Pole, the rotation axis of the Earth. Depending on where the compass is located on the surface of the Earth the angle between true north and magnetic north , called magnetic declination can vary ...