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Tamil Nadu (/ ˌ t æ m ɪ l ˈ n ɑː d uː /; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] ⓘ, abbr. TN) is the southernmost state of India.The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, who speak the Tamil language—the state's official language and one of the longest surviving classical languages of the world.
The east coast of Tamil Nadu was one of the areas affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, during which almost 8000 people died in the disaster. [112] The sixth most populous state in the Indian Union, Tamil Nadu was the seventh-largest economy in 2005 among the states of India. [113]
On 19 March 2024 the Bharatiya Janata Party finalised seat sharing a with the Pattali Makkal Katchi as part of the National Democratic Alliance, were the party will contest 10 seats in Tamil Nadu. [12] On 20 March 2024, AIADMK General Secretary Edappadi K. Palaniswami released the first list, comprising 16 candidates contesting the election.
The Indian state of Tamil Nadu is divided into 38 districts. Districts are the major administrative divisions of a state and are further sub-divided into smaller taluks. During the British Raj, 12 districts of the erstwhile Madras Presidency had their boundaries within the present-day Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest state in India and covers an area of 130,058 square kilometres (50,216 sq mi). It is bordered by Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Indian Ocean to the south.
Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) run by Government of Tamil Nadu is the primary public transport bus operator in the state. [73] Tamil Nadu has a rail network of 5,601 km (3,480 mi) and forms a part of Southern Railway of Indian Railways, headquartered in Chennai.
The Governor is the de jure constitutional head of state while the Chief Minister is the de facto chief executive.The governor is appointed by the President of India.Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government.
The region of Tamil Nadu indicates historical records of human habitation at least for 3,800 years.The current state of Tamil Nadu was formed by renaming Madras State on 14 January 1969.After the independence of India, the Telugu and Malayalam parts of Madras state were separated from Tamilagam state in 1956, it was renamed Tamil Nadu on January 14, 1969, by the state government.