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Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall, and its peptidoglycan, around their cell membrane. [1] The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
Ureaplasma spp. were implicated in conditions such as prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome as early as the 1980s. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Research in women has lagged several decades behind, but it is now becoming more clear how Ureaplasma spp. contribute to etiologies such as interstitial cystitis / painful bladder syndrome .
Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Mycoplasma pneumonia: Chest X-Ray, Chest CT, blood test Erythromycin, doxycycline: No Mycoplasma genitalium: Mycoplasma genitalium infection Nucleic acid amplification test Azithromycin, moxifloxacin: No numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi Mycetoma: Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration
Chlamydia research [1] is the systematic study of the organisms in the taxonomic group of bacteria Chlamydiota (formerly Chlamydiae), the diagnostic procedures [2] to treat infections, the disease chlamydia, infections caused by the organisms, the epidemiology of infection and the development of vaccines.
Chlamydia trachomatis (/ k l ə ˈ m ɪ d i ə t r ə ˈ k oʊ m ə t ɪ s /) is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium responsible for chlamydia and trachoma. C. trachomatis exists in two forms, an extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) and an intracellular non-infectious reticulate body (RB). [2]
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is widely used in high-risk adults. [4] First used in 1945, the tetravalent vaccine was not widely distributed, since its deployment coincided with the discovery of penicillin. [5] In the 1970s, Robert Austrian championed the manufacture and distribution of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human mycoplasma species residing in the lower urogenital tract. [10] It is a common human urogenital Mycoplasma species that lacks a cell wall. Due to the absence of the cell wall, M. hominis is innately resistant to β-lactams and to all antibiotics which target the cell wall. [ 11 ]
Many of the organisms causative of atypical pneumonia are unusual types of bacteria (Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria without a cell wall and Chlamydias are intracellular bacteria). As the conditions caused by the various agents have different courses and respond to different treatments, the identification of the specific causative pathogen is ...