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Hypereosinophilic syndrome can manifest in many different ways from nonspecific symptoms and fatigue to neurological impairment and endomyocardial fibrosis, which may be fatal. [6] There are three different variants of hypereosinophilic syndrome, myeloproliferative, lymphocytic, and idiopathic. [7]
Reslizumab, a newly developed antibody directed against interleukin 5 that has been successfully used to treat 4 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome, may also be of use for lymphocyte-variant eosinophilia. [4] [5] [10] [11] Patients suffering minimal or no disease complications have gone untreated. [4]
The hypereosinophilic syndrome is a sustained elevation in this count above 1.5 × 10 9 /L (i.e. 1,500/μL) that is also associated with evidence of eosinophil-based tissue injury. Eosinophils usually account for less than 7% of the circulating leukocytes. [1]
Before cardiac symptoms are detected, some 66% of cases have symptoms of a common cold and 33% have symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticarial, or other allergic disorder. Cardiac manifestations of eosinophilic myocarditis range from none to life-threatening conditions such as cardiogenic shock or sudden death due to abnormal heart rhythms .
Glaxo's (GSK) Nucala becomes the first and only targeted biologic treatment to be approved for hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), a rare disease caused by eosinophilic inflammation.
It can arise de novo or may develop in patients having the chronic form of a hypereosinophilic syndrome. Patients with acute eosinophilic leukemia have a propensity for developing bronchospasm as well as symptoms of the acute coronary syndrome and/or heart failure due to eosinophilic myocarditis and eosinophil-based endomyocardial fibrosis.
Mepolizumab, sold under the brand name Nucala by GlaxoSmithKline, is a humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). [5] It recognizes and blocks interleukin-5 (IL-5), a signalling protein of the immune system.
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
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