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The Tsardom of Russia, [a] also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, [b] was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. [11]
The princes of Moscow and Suzdal entered a struggle for the grand princely title following the death of Ivan II, with Ivan's son Dmitry Ivanovich (later known as Dmitry Donskoy) taking the throne from Dmitry Konstantinovich in 1363. [61] The Battle of Kulikovo in 1380 marked a turning point, with the prince of Moscow seen as the dominant prince ...
Boris Feodorovich Godunov (/ ˈ ɡ ɒ d ən ɒ f, ˈ ɡ ʊ d ən ɒ f /; [1] Russian: Борис Фёдорович Годунов; 12 August [O.S. 2 August] 1552 [2] – 23 April [O.S. 13 April] 1605) [3] [4] was the de facto regent of Russia from 1585 to 1598 and then tsar from 1598 to 1605 following the death of Feodor I, the last of the Rurik dynasty.
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After the Fall of Constantinople, Moscow named itself the third Rome, following the Roman and Byzantine Empires. In a panegyric letter to Grand Duke Vasili III composed in 1510, Russian monk Philotheus (Filofey) of Pskov proclaimed, "Two Romes have fallen. The third stands. And there will be no fourth. No one shall replace your Christian Tsardom!".
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.
The Grand Duchy of Moscow was the successor to the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, which, in turn, was one of the principalities into which Kievan Rus' broke up. It is customary to consider the history of the armed forces of the principality from the middle of the 13th century (although Moscow replaced Vladimir as the political center of North-Eastern Rus' in the second half of the 14th century).
The Principality of Moscow [b] (1263–1389), later the Grand Principality of Moscow [c] (1389–1547), [d] was a medieval Russian principality. [9] Its capital was the city of Moscow. Moscow became a separate principality when Daniel (r. 1263–1303), the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, received the city and surrounding area as an appanage. [10]