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Python versions up to 3.2 can be compiled to use them [clarification needed] instead of UTF-16; from version 3.3 onward, Unicode strings are stored in UTF-32 if there is at least 1 non-BMP character in the string, but with leading zero bytes optimized away "depending on the [code point] with the largest Unicode ordinal (1, 2, or 4 bytes)" to ...
OAR file archive format, where ?? is the format version. 74 6F 78 33: tox3: 0 tox Open source portable voxel file [57] 4D 4C 56 49: MLVI: 0 MLV Magic Lantern Video file [58] 44 43 4D 01 50 41 33 30 50 41 33 30: DCM␁PA30 PA30: 0 Windows Update Binary Delta Compression file [59] 37 7A BC AF 27 1C: 7z¼¯'␜ 0 7z 7-Zip File Format 1F 8B ...
The best-known is the string "From " (including trailing space) at the beginning of a line, used to separate mail messages in the mbox file format. By using a binary-to-text encoding on messages that are already plain text, then decoding on the other end, one can make such systems appear to be completely transparent .
In UTF-16, a BOM (U+FEFF) may be placed as the first bytes of a file or character stream to indicate the endianness (byte order) of all the 16-bit code units of the file or stream. If an attempt is made to read this stream with the wrong endianness, the bytes will be swapped, thus delivering the character U+FFFE , which is defined by Unicode as ...
Base64 is often used to embed binary data in an XML file, using a syntax similar to <data encoding="base64">…</data> e.g. favicons in Firefox's exported bookmarks.html. Base64 is used to encode binary files such as images within scripts, to avoid depending on external files. Base64 can be used to embed PDF files in HTML pages. [15]
Byte Strings are encoded as <length>:<contents>. The length is the number of bytes in the string, encoded in base 10. A colon (:) separates the length and the contents. The contents are the exact number of bytes specified by the length. Examples: An empty string is encoded as 0:. The string "bencode" is encoded as 7:bencode.
File formats often have a published specification describing the encoding method and enabling testing of program intended functionality. Not all formats have freely available specification documents, partly because some developers view their specification documents as trade secrets, and partly because other developers never author a formal specification document, letting precedent set by other ...
Only a small subset of possible byte strings are error-free UTF-8: several bytes cannot appear; a byte with the high bit set cannot be alone; and in a truly random string a byte with a high bit set has only a 1 ⁄ 15 chance of starting a valid UTF-8 character. This has the (possibly unintended) consequence of making it easy to detect if a ...