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The short ton (abbreviation tn [1]) is a measurement unit equal to 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg). It is commonly used in the United States, where it is known simply as a ton; [1] however, the term is ambiguous, the single word "ton" being variously used for short, long, and metric tons. The various tons are defined as units of mass. [2]
A long ton, also called the weight ton (W/T), [1] imperial ton, or displacement ton, is equal to: . 2,240 pounds (1,016.0 kilograms; 1.0160 metric tons) exactly 12% more than the 2,000 pounds of the North American short ton, being 20 long hundredweight (112 lb) rather than 20 short hundredweight (100 lb)
At that time a "tun" was a wine container of 252 wine gallons, approx 210 imp gal (955 L) weighing about 2,240 lb (1,020 kg), a weight known today as a long ton or imperial ton. In order to estimate the capacity of a ship in terms of 'tun' for tax purposes, an early formula used in England was:
The long or imperial hundredweight of 8 stone or 112 pounds (50.80 kg) is defined in the British imperial system. [2] Under both conventions, there are 20 hundredweight in a ton, producing a "short ton" of 2,000 pounds (907.2 kg) and a "long ton" of 2,240 pounds (1,016 kg).
≈ 2 204.623 pounds-force (lbf) [note 3] ≈ 0.984 2065 long tons-force [note 4] ... The short ton-force is equal to the weight of one short ton. one short ton-force
Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping.The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship.
Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. [1] Today, tonnes are more commonly used. [citation needed] Ship displacement varies by a vessel's degree of load, from its empty weight as designed (known as "lightweight tonnage" [2]) to its maximum load. Numerous specific terms are used to ...