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The Black Death was the first occurrence of the second pandemic, [90] which continued to strike England and the rest of Europe more or less regularly until the 18th century. The first serious recurrence in England came in the years 1361−62.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
The Great Plague of London, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the most recent major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. It happened within the centuries-long Second Pandemic , a period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics that originated in Central Asia in 1331 (the first year of the Black Death ), and included related diseases ...
Researchers spent five years studying bones from medieval Cambridge, England, to see what life was like for a cross section of the city’s survivors of the Black Death.
Years Location 2 1918 Flu: Influenza A/H1N1: 17–100 million 1–5.4% of global population [4] 1918–1920 Worldwide 2 Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague 15–100 million 25–60% of European population [5] 541–549 North Africa, Europe, and Western Asia 3 HIV/AIDS pandemic: HIV/AIDS: 44 million (as of 2025) [a] 1981–present [6] Worldwide ...
Plague had been present in England since the Black Death, infecting various fauna in the countryside, and known as plague since the 15th century. [4] Occasionally Yersinia pestis was transmitted to human society by infectious contact with the fleas of wild animals, with disastrous results for trade, farming, and social life.
The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348–1350: A Brief History with Documents (2005) excerpt and text search, with primary sources; Benedictow, Ole J. The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History (2012) excerpt and text search; Borsch, Stuart J. The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study (U of Texas Press, 2005) online
But the disease—nicknamed the “Black Death” or “Great Pestilence”—that killed more than 25 million people, about a third of Europe, in medieval times is very much still with us today.