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In addition to the tongue-tie symptoms babies may show, O'Connor says breastfeeding moms may notice physical symptoms of their own that could be clues to the presence of a tongue-tie in their baby.
Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip [1] and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. [2]
A frenulum that is attached near the bottom of the tongue, and is sometimes submucosal (not visible), but causes restriction is referred to as a "posterior tongue-tie". [ 7 ] Additionally, an abnormally short frenulum in infants can be a cause of breastfeeding problems, including sore and damaged nipples and inadequate feedings. [ 8 ]
The sides of the tongue are inspected with a gloved hand holding a piece of gauze. The tongue is moved side to side and inspected; it should be pink, moist, smooth and glistening. Assessment of the ventral (bottom) surface of the tongue is done by having the patient touch the tip of their tongue against the roof of their mouth.
Assessment of the tongue has historically been an important part of a medical examination. [12] The shape and color of the tongue is examined and observed diagnostically in traditional Chinese medicine. For example, scalloping of the tongue is said to indicate qi vacuity. [13]
A frenuloplasty of tongue is a frenuloplasty of the frenulum of tongue. A tight frenulum in this context is sometimes referred to as "tongue-tie" which is also known as ankyloglossia . In this condition the frenulum of the tongue restricts range of motion which may interfere with breastfeeding or speech.
Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are relatively minor (typically painless and, in themselves, harmless) congenital physical abnormalities consisting of features such as low-set ears, single transverse palmar crease, telecanthus, micrognathism, macrocephaly, hypotonia and furrowed tongue.
Ankyloglossia or tongue tie can also be responsible for lisps in children — however, it is unclear whether these deficiencies are caused by the tongue tie itself or the muscle weakness following the correction of the tongue tie. [4] Overbites and underbites may also contribute to non lingual lisping.