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Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD), Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries), the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire.
Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history, coupled with its multi-cultural character. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca , and other very well preserved medieval iconic cities and towns such as Brașov , Sibiu , Târgu Mureș , Bistrița , Alba Iulia , Mediaș , and Sighișoara .
After the disintegration of Attila's empire, Transylvania was inhabited by the remnants of various Hunnic, and a Germanic tribe, the Gepids. The Transyilvanain Gepids had a semiindependent status inside the Kingdom of Gepids, but this relative autonomy came to an end in the late 6th century.
There is an ongoing scholarly debate among Hungarian and Romanian historians regarding the medieval population of Transylvania.While some Romanian historians claim there was a continuous Romanian majority, Hungarian historians argue that Romanians continuously settled in the Kingdom of Hungary, of which Transylvania was a part.
The first Hungarian form recorded was Erdeuelu (12th century, in the Gesta Hungarorum) while the first Romanian form recorded was in 1432 as Ardeliu. [1] [2] The initial a/e difference between the names can be found in other Hungarian loans in Romanian, such as Hungarian egres ‘gooseberry’ → Romanian agriș, agreș, as well as in placenames, e.g., Egyed, Erdőd, Erdőfalva, Esküllő → ...
Administrative units in Transylvania in the Middle Ages. Transylvania ("the Land beyond the Forests") was a geographic region in the 15th-century Kingdom of Hungary. [1] Four major ethnic groups – the Hungarians, Saxons, Székelys, and Vlachs – inhabited the territory. [1]
The Principality of Transylvania (Hungarian: Erdélyi Fejedelemség; Latin: Principatus Transsilvaniae; German: Fürstentum Siebenbürgen; Romanian: Principatul Transilvaniei / Principatul Ardealului; Turkish: Erdel Voyvodalığı / Transilvanya Prensliği) was a semi-independent state ruled primarily by Hungarian princes.
Changes in the administration of Transylvania between 1300 and 1867. The Voivode of Transylvania (German: Vojwode von Siebenbürgen; [1] Hungarian: erdélyi vajda; [1] [2] Latin: voivoda Transsylvaniae; [1] [2] Romanian: voievodul Transilvaniei) [3] was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century.