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An automatic factory is a place where raw materials enter, and finished products leave with little or no human intervention. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] One of the earliest descriptions of the automatic factory in fiction was the 1955 short story " Autofac ," by Philip K. Dick .
Factory automation infrastructure describes the process of incorporating automation into the manufacturing environment and processing input goods into final products. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Factory automation intends to decrease risks associated with laborious and dangerous work faced by human workers.
The goal is the intelligent factory (Smart Factory) that is characterized by adaptability, resource efficiency, and ergonomics, as well as the integration of customers and business partners in business and value processes. Its technological foundation consists of cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things. [21]
Automated manufacturing refers to the application of automation to produce goods in a factory. The main advantages of automated manufacturing for the manufacturing process are realized with effective implementation of automation and include higher consistency and quality, reduction of lead times, simplification of production, reduced handling ...
The idea of "digital manufacturing" became prominent in the early 1970s, with the release of Dr. Joseph Harrington's book, Computer Integrated Manufacturing. [5] However, it was not until 1984 when computer-integrated manufacturing began to be developed and promoted by machine tool manufacturers and the Computer and Automated Systems Association and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME).
Steam engines promoted automation through the need to control engine speed and power.. The introduction of prime movers, or self-driven machines advanced grain mills, furnaces, boilers, and the steam engine created a new requirement for automatic control systems including temperature regulators (invented in 1624; see Cornelius Drebbel), pressure regulators (1681), float regulators (1700) and ...
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