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Samba (Portuguese pronunciation: ⓘ) is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as samba urbano carioca (urban Carioca samba), [1] [2] samba de roda (sometimes also called rural samba), [3] amongst many other forms of samba, mostly originated in the Rio de Janeiro and Bahia states.
The Samba de Roda is a celebratory event incorporating music, choreography and poetry. The term "Samba" encompassed many different rhythms, tunes, drumming and dances of various periods and areas of the Brazilian territory. It appeared in the state of Bahia, more specifically in the region of Recôncavo in Brazil, during the 17th century.
Samba-enredo, also known as samba de enredo, is a sub-genre of modern samba made specifically by a samba school for the festivities of Brazilian Carnival. [2] It is a samba style that consists of a lyric and a melody created from a summary of the theme chosen as the plot of a samba school. [3] [2]
Pelo Telefone (English: On the Telephone) is a song attributed to the Brazilian guitarist and composer Donga and considered to be the first samba song to be recorded in Brazil, according to records at the National Library of Brazil, [3] [4] although earlier recordings exist, such as "Samba - Em Casa da Bahiana" (1913) [5] and "Urubu Malandro" (1914).
By comparison, traditionally in Bahia the chula is the free form song text of the Samba de Roda sung between the dances (as in the samba parada) and defines the structures of the various other "styles" of samba de roda, while the samba corrido lasts as long as the singer feels like singing it before moving on to another.
Lyrics, instruments, and even melodies often have connections to African culture and even influence culture and music in other countries today. It is strongly influenced by African rhythms. The most well known sub-genres of Afro-Brazilian musical genres are samba, marabaixo, maracatu, ijexá, coco, jongo, carimbó, lambada, maxixe, and maculelê.
"Samba Italiano" [1] (Italian Samba) is a popular samba song composed in 1965 by Adoniran Barbosa (1912–1982), who was a son of Italian immigrants from Valinhos, Brazil, and knew well the pidgin Italian-Portuguese dialect spoken in the streets of São Paulo, mostly in the Mooca, Brás and Bexiga sections.
Roda (Portuguese pronunciation: - wheel or circle) is the circular formation within which participants perform in any of several African and Afro-Brazilian dance art forms, such as engolo, capoeira, maculelê and samba de roda. By extension, the whole event may be called a roda (as in "We will have a roda next Saturday").