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A map is a function, as in the association of any of the four colored shapes in X to its color in Y. In mathematics, a map or mapping is a function in its general sense. [1] These terms may have originated as from the process of making a geographical map: mapping the Earth surface to a sheet of paper. [2]
The natural logarithm function ln : (0, +∞) → R is a surjective and even bijective (mapping from the set of positive real numbers to the set of all real numbers). Its inverse, the exponential function, if defined with the set of real numbers as the domain and the codomain, is not surjective (as its range is the set of positive real numbers).
The difficulty of determining the domain of definition of a complex function is illustrated by the multiplicative inverse of the Riemann zeta function: the determination of the domain of definition of the function / is more or less equivalent to the proof or disproof of one of the major open problems in mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis.
A rectangular grid (top) and its image under a conformal map f (bottom). It is seen that f maps pairs of lines intersecting at 90° to pairs of curves still intersecting at 90°. A conformal map is a function which preserves angles locally. In the most common case the function has a domain and range in the complex plane. More formally, a map,
The term domain is also commonly used in a different sense in mathematical analysis: a domain is a non-empty connected open set in a topological space. In particular, in real and complex analysis , a domain is a non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} or the complex coordinate space C n ...
A function is surjective or onto if each element of the codomain is mapped to by at least one element of the domain. In other words, each element of the codomain has a non-empty preimage. Equivalently, a function is surjective if its image is equal to its codomain. A surjective function is a surjection. [1] The formal definition is the following.
is a function from domain X to codomain Y. The yellow oval inside Y is the image of . Sometimes "range" refers to the image and sometimes to the codomain. In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain of the function, or; the image of the function.
The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or the image of a function. A codomain is part of a function f if f is defined as a triple ( X , Y , G ) where X is called the domain of f , Y its codomain , and G its graph . [ 1 ]