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A map is a function, as in the association of any of the four colored shapes in X to its color in Y. In mathematics, a map or mapping is a function in its general sense. [1] These terms may have originated as from the process of making a geographical map: mapping the Earth surface to a sheet of paper. [2]
A rectangular grid (top) and its image under a conformal map f (bottom). It is seen that f maps pairs of lines intersecting at 90° to pairs of curves still intersecting at 90°. A conformal map is a function which preserves angles locally. In the most common case the function has a domain and range in the complex plane. More formally, a map,
Some authors [14] reserve the word mapping for the case where the structure of the codomain belongs explicitly to the definition of the function. Some authors, such as Serge Lang, [13] use "function" only to refer to maps for which the codomain is a subset of the real or complex numbers, and use the term mapping for more general functions.
The natural logarithm function ln : (0, +∞) → R is a surjective and even bijective (mapping from the set of positive real numbers to the set of all real numbers). Its inverse, the exponential function, if defined with the set of real numbers as the domain and the codomain, is not surjective (as its range is the set of positive real numbers).
is a function from domain X to codomain Y. The yellow oval inside Y is the image of . Sometimes "range" refers to the image and sometimes to the codomain. In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain of the function, or; the image of the function.
Often, a linear map is constructed by defining it on a subset of a vector space and then extending by linearity to the linear span of the domain. Suppose X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} are vector spaces and f : S → Y {\displaystyle f:S\to Y} is a function defined on some subset S ⊆ X . {\displaystyle S\subseteq X.}
The term domain is also commonly used in a different sense in mathematical analysis: a domain is a non-empty connected open set in a topological space. In particular, in real and complex analysis , a domain is a non-empty connected open subset of the real coordinate space R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} or the complex coordinate space C n ...
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.