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Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It can also mean population growth in urban areas instead of rural ones. [1]
The United States Census Bureau changed its classification and definition of urban areas in 1950 and again in 1990, and caution is thus advised when comparing urban data from different time periods. [2] [3] Urbanization was fastest in the Northeastern United States, which acquired an urban majority by 1880. [2]
Urbanization economies arise when the size of the city leads to an increase in productivity. Los Angeles exemplifies urbanization economies in that it has no single dominant industry, yet continues to grow. Firms which locate in Los Angeles benefit from the common resources and large labor pool found in the city.
There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas , as defined by the country. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period ...
Suburbanization has negative social impacts on many groups of people, including children, adolescents, and the elderly. Children affected by suburbanization or urban sprawl are occasionally referred to as "cul-de-sac kids." Because children living in suburbs typically cannot go anywhere without a parent, they are less able to practice independence.
An urban area [a] is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This is the core of a metropolitan statistical area in the United States, if it contains a population of more than 50,000. [2] Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns ...
Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization.The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urban sociology, urban geography, business history, and archaeology.
A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size.