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Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is female infertility caused by diseases, obstructions, damage, scarring, congenital malformations or other factors which impede the descent of a fertilized or unfertilized ovum into the uterus through the fallopian tubes and prevents a normal pregnancy and full term birth.
Treatment of fallopian tube obstruction has traditionally been treated with fallopian tubal surgery with a goal of restoring patency to the tubes and thus possibly normal function. A common modern day method of treatment is in vitro fertilization as it is more cost-effective, less invasive, and results are immediate.
Infertility may be caused by blockage of the fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia or scar tissue. For example, endometriosis can cause infertility with the growth of endometrial tissue in the fallopian tubes or around the ovaries. Endometriosis is usually more common in women in their mid-twenties and older ...
Endometriosis can lead to ovarian cysts (endometriomas), adhesions, and damage to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, all of which can interfere with ovulation and fertilization. Treatment for endometriosis often includes hormonal therapies, pain management, and in some cases, surgery to remove the endometrial tissue.
The most common complication is rupture with internal bleeding which may lead to hypovolemic shock. Damage to the fallopian tubes can lead to difficulty becoming pregnant in the future. The woman's other fallopian tube may function sufficiently for pregnancy. After the removal of one damaged fallopian tube, pregnancy remains possible in the future.
The diagnosis is typically based on the presenting signs and symptoms. [2] It is recommended that the disease be considered in all women of childbearing age who have lower abdominal pain. [2] A definitive diagnosis of PID is made by finding pus involving the fallopian tubes during surgery. [2] Ultrasound may also be useful in diagnosis. [2]
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [2]
Tubal hypoplasia or agenesis (absence or hypoplasia of the fallopian tubes) Combined hypoplasia the agenesis of different part of the uterus; This condition is also called Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. The patient with MRKH syndrome will have primary amenorrhea. Class II—Unicornuate uterus (a one-sided uterus).