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Spinal disc protrusion visible in MRI [ 1 ] A disc protrusion is a medical condition that can occur in some vertebrates , including humans, in which the outermost layers of the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs of the spine are intact but bulge when one or more of the discs are under pressure.
Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [1] The cause is usually a disc herniation in the lower region of the back. [1] Other causes include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma.
The first cervical vertebra has an inferior articulating surface but, as it does not restrict lateral or posterior translation, is not always considered a proper zygoma [9] (zygoma is Greek for "yoke", i.e. something that restrains movement). In the lumbar spine, facets provide about 20 percent of the twisting stability in the low back. Each ...
Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica. Lumbar disc herniation occurs 15 times more often than ...
Degenerative disc disease; Other names: Degenerative disc disorder, intervertebral disc degeneration: Degenerated disc between C5 and C6 (vertebra at the top of the picture is C2), with osteophytes anteriorly (to the left) on the lower portion of the C5 and upper portion of the C6 vertebral body. Specialty: Orthopedics: Risk factors: Connective ...
C1 is also called the atlas, and C2 is also called the axis. The structure of these vertebrae is the reason why the neck and head have a large range of motion. The atlanto-occipital joint allows the skull to move up and down, while the atlanto-axial joint allows the upper neck to twist left and right. The axis also sits upon the first ...
There are 23 discs in the human spine: 6 in the neck region, 12 in the middle back region, and 5 in the lower back region. [3] Discs are named by the vertebral body above and below. For example, the disc between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae is designated "C5-6". [4]
If symptoms arise these can include; unspecific back pain and neurological complaints (e.g. leg weakness, numbness). Symptoms are dependent on the location and growth of the VHs. [3] Usual onset: Any age: Diagnostic method: CT, MRI, or radiograph: Treatment: Transarterial embolization, ethanol injection, radiotherapy, and/ or vertebroplasty.